2010年8月31日星期二

Tech Review about the TD-LTE from Chairman of China Mobile Research Institute -- Xiaoqin Huang

 2010112,我在移动研究院接受了《卓望》通讯周运明的采访,内容为TD-LTE、OPhone、云计算三部分的现状和发展前景。全文如下,就此话题,并非常希望与大家探讨,欢迎在博文下发表评论,我会尽量过来与各位互动。

TD-LTE技术起源及担负移动通讯3代向4代过渡

《卓望》:先请您简单介绍一下TD-LTE技术的发展起源和发展历程吧!

黄晓庆:首先我来谈谈3G标准在早期时,为何选用了CDMA技术。

  3G在发展初期走了很多弯路,当时的很多假设现在来看都是错误的。比如:认为GSM已经走到头,再要提高话务量就必须采用新的调制技术;比如认为视频电话是杀手级应用……当时人们只注重数据通讯而忽略了移动互联网接入和数据传输的重要性。所以,在3G开始正式商用后,出现了一边是3G需要追求大的话务量,另一边GSM却不断地能够满足大的话务量的需求,3G的发展有如空中楼阁未能落到实处。而在进行数据通讯时,又发现一个严重的问题,人们认为3G应该达到2兆的传输量其实只是个理想状态,真正实现起来需要巨额成本支撑,根本无法进行经济规划,最初的设想以失败告终。到了2005年,HSPA服务出现,3G突然找到了真正的应用移动互联网的应用。在2006-2008三年时间里,基本上全世界3G的网络都经过了HSPA的改造。目前3G的用户已经逐渐超越了总体移动用户的20%,按照我们“2080”理论分析,进入20%就意味着技术逐渐成熟,逐步进入主流。

  我们知道3G标准开始时,选用的是CDMA技术(码分多址扩频技术)。当时WCDMA 3G标准、TD SCDMACDMA EVDO三个主要的3G标准都选用了CDMA技术,最主要的原因是CDMA技术的抗干扰性强、保密性好,而且复用能力高可以达到1。复用性等于1就意味着邻区可以使用同一个频率,这与GSM频率复用率只能到7(新的GSM技术也可以提高到5)有着本质的区别。GSM的频率复用率相当于我们讲的蜂窝通讯,其6个边加上邻居都必须采用不同的频率,相比之下CDMA技术可以大大提高系统频率的使用效率。

  现在来看,选用CDMA技术也是个美丽的错误,如果一开始就为移动互联网设计的话,这个网络应该不会选用CDMA,因为CDMA技术并不符合大宽带移动通讯的要求,而OFDMOrthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing)正交频分调制技术才符合。OFDM技术已被应用于很多宽带无线电领域,而且被证实是一种非常好的宽带无线电调制和数据通讯技术,如WIFI技术和2006年开始进入市场的WiMAX技术。我们知道,移动通信最重要的标准组织叫3GPP3GPP制定的GSMWCDMA是全球主流标准,全世界85%以上的网络都采用3GPP技术。2006年,随着WiMAX的竞争,人们认识到了OFDM技术的有效性,于是3GPP开展LTE技术研究,取名为LTELong Term Evolution),即相对HSPA+来说它是“长期演进技术”。

  但后来很快发现,LTE技术并不是长期演进,为应对WiMAX的竞争,同时也为应对迅速增长的数据业务流量,在短短的两年内,包括FDDTDD在内的LTE的标准成为了主流发展方向,很多重要的运营商包括中国移动在内,都选择了LTE,所以LTE由“长期演进计划”也演绎出了两种说法,一是“合逻辑的技术演进计划”(Logical Technology Evolution),一是“领先技术演进”(Leading Technology Evolution)。同时,LTE的增强技术LTE Adv也成为了第4代移动通信技术,LTE实际上是3.9代,不管是第3.9代还是第4代,它都代表了未来无线电的主流发展,特别是移动通讯宽带的无线电发展,将作为移动互联网的一个主要支撑技术。

TD-LTETDD版本的LTE的技术,FDD LTE的技术是FDD版本的LTE技术。TDDFDD的差别就是TD采用的是不对称频率是用时间进行双工的,而FDD是采用一对频率来进行双工。中国TD-SCDMA的标准是在3G标准里唯一一个用TDD方式的。

中国移动支持TD-LTE肩负国家使命和历史责任

《卓望》:中国移动为何支持TD-LTE技术?请您谈谈中国移动对它未来的策略、投入和展望。

黄晓庆:对中国移动来说为什么要坚决地支持TD-LTE的发展?有两个重要原因。其一就是中国移动面临了未来要对TD-SCDMATD这个产业不断进行发展和演进的责任。中国政府发给了我们一个TDD执照,我们可能是现今世界上唯一一个拿TDD 3G执照的公司,这个压力很大。别人都是用的FDD的,是用WCDMACDMA2000,我们中国移动变成独一无二使用TDD的运营商。

  拿TD SCDMA标准与WCDMACDMA2000标准进行横向比较,成熟度上我们比他们晚至少两到三年;终端比他们少;单用户速率比他们低,成熟度也是最弱的。国家交给中国移动的任务就是一定要把TD做好。要把TD做好就不能只做TD-SCDMATD-SCDMA能够把语音、中速率数据做好,但这绝对不够。所以需要尽快提升TD的宽带能力,真正地、有效地建立TD在未来的宽带移动市场和移动互联网市场的竞争力。因此,我们必须大力地推动TD-LTE的商业化和成熟化。

  从宏观的角度来说,TD-SCDMA技术和TD-LTE技术在中国移动的努力下,已经变成了可以互相兼容,在同一个网络用同一套基站设备可以同时运行的两个标准制式。从用户使用的角度来说,一些用户使用语音及中低速度的数据,而另一些用户使用TD-LTE技术的高速移动互联网应用。中国移动的GSM网是FDD的,GSM网的演进可以用FDDLTE技术,所以,中国移动现在推动TDDFDD LTE共芯片、共平台、共网络。将来,世界上有些运营商可能会做FDD LTE,中国移动等运营商做TD-LTE,但是终端都一样,这样国际漫游的问题也解决了。

从某种意义上讲,WCDMACDMA EVDO技术和GSM技术都是FDD技术,在过去无线电移动通讯没有有效地技术解决TDD的问题,而中国的TD-SCDMA解决了这个问题,又加上TD- LTE解决了他未来发展的问题,所以加上TDDFDD LTE在一起,应该说所有无线电的TDDFDD问题都得到了一个统一的解决方案。中国移动为这个未来世界的发展带来了一个非常重要的、统一的标准,中国移动现在推行的就是“一个世界一个标准”,是融合的标准、融合的发展。

TD-LTE技术加快商用规划及未来十年发展亮点

《卓望》:您能否为我们列出TD-LTE新标准的发展时间点?以及如何来应对未来市场竞争?

黄晓庆:2007年以来TD-LTE技术应该是全世界标准史上产品化最快的一个标准。过去的标准是由厂商主导,然后通过运营商进入销售环节,而这次是由运营商主导等着厂商生产,这是前所未有的,也是以市场渠道为主的。所以,这次标准发展不管是TDD还是FDD都是有市场渠道的,技术在市场需求的驱动下发展得会更快。在国际上,TDDFDD技术的国际标准上从去年3月就同步;产品的发展到系统设备在去年年底就实现全世界同步;终端在今年6月全世界同步;整体LTE技术商用产品将在今年推出。

  中国移动今年5月将在上海建立世界第一个TD-LTE示范网,建在世博会世博园内。我们的目标是到今年年底开始展开全国性的多个城市的规模试验,每个城市内的基站数量会达到100个以上。如果这些试验都很成功就可以对一些关键的网络进行升级。我们的网络在中国移动的TD-SCDMA第三期建设时就考虑了平滑过渡,所以现在TD-SCDMA网具备平滑过渡、平滑升级能力,实际上它不用把TD-SCDMA去掉,就可以与TD-SCDMA兼容、共存,而且将来的终端都可以在同一个网络使用。所以从这个角度上来看,我觉得在今年和以后这段时间内,TD-LTE进入商用是完全可能的,对于中国移动来说,这也是很重要的。

  归根结底,移动通信只有三个基本法则“覆盖、覆盖、覆盖”,就跟卖房地产一样“地段、地段、地段”。未来的移动互联网覆盖不再是一个语音信号的覆盖,而是高速数据信号的覆盖。不论怎样,宽带通信的覆盖才是未来移动网的覆盖,到那时到哪儿能打电话已经不重要了,而重要的是到哪儿能够上网、能够看视频、能够进行办公,这才是未来覆盖的要求,也是要用新的技术才能来实现。

  未来十年,我们可以看到几个比较亮点的发展:第一个亮点是真正的第4代移动通信在LTE基础上发展而来:LTE实现下行的峰值速度达到100M。现在所有的标准里,只有LTE能够实现100M,在未来的十年之内,下一代的技术下行的速度可以提高10倍到1000M,这种技术是LTE Adv,属于ITU定义的真正的第4代的移动通信技术标准,IMT-Advanced。中国移动如果现在把LTE做好了,将为走向下一代的技术做出了重大的贡献,而其它的运营商已远远地落在我们后面了。

  第二个亮点就是将来会出现“超级基站”, 新型的无线电设备会逐渐出现,利用光纤回传的技术将使一个基站可以提供几百个小区,实现基站集中化管理的“超级基站”,这是一个很重要的发展方向。我们移动研究院从2年前开始进行WiiSE 1.0的研究,最近一两年WiiSE 2.0的研究也开始在推动。特别是WiiSE 2.0,我们推动了一个不光是基站的超级集中化、大型基站的建设,还要研究基站的协作,就是协作式的基站。这个WiiSE代表Wireless IP/Internet Service Environment,即无线IP和互联网服务环境。这个WiiSE研发计划就是面向未来移动互联网的需求,以互联网中的革命性技术的研发为推手,促进网络向移动互联网转型。

第三个亮点就是,会出现一些有效地使用频谱或者能够提高频谱使用效率的新颖技术,比如“感知无线电”,让无线电可以对TDDFDD动态地调解的各种手段,把多个无线电同时有效地综合起来进行使用。例如,现在越来越多的手机是多模的,如何利用多模的手机让我们的网络可以更有效地使用?比如打电话是用GSM,数据通讯用LTE,想办法用在多种无线电同时并存的时候实现优化,这代表了未来很长一段时间的发展方向。

2010年8月15日星期日

Diary 0814 _ Show your heart to your Community

What is the community? It is a virtual organization where you can share your happy hours with your friends.

It is a new concept for me. If I want to figure out what is the communities when I in China. Classmates, Lab Colleague are good examples of community.

I share most of spare time with friends from these type of communities. In Davis, I have found that I can have good friendship and happier hours with the friends  in communities, such as lab guys, church friends and sport club(Basket ball and badminton). And by sharing the time in communities, I can help the guys in the communities and get help from them also. And by the way of organization, We can make better friendship. 

Friendship is difficult to keep in long time when you make your friend just one-by-one. Otherwise, I can enjoy the better friendship and know more guys in the community, and it is a life-period friendship. Because it is more easy to share many co-memory when we talk or play. 

So, what I understand is that, YOU SHOULD joint some communities and make some contribution to these communities and be yourself. and the you will find you have many friend. And your life have become colorful.

You can joint some clubs, you can organize some technical communities, and you can organize some classmates. And share the happy hours with your friends in these communities. 

Enjoy communities, better life.

2010年8月3日星期二

Art and Science

In our reality, most of things are running based on the science logics. And because of the Contingency, there are many things are not in the result of what we think.

It is art more than science. Sometime We need art-mind to handle life.
--
Adam ( Xiuzhong ) Chen
Email: xzchen@ucdavis.edu

2010年7月18日星期日

Diary 0718_ The fundamental of Science Research and Language

It is a long time to live in School as a student. I learn so many courses and learn how to become a good researcher now.

I have learnt some programming skill and try to understand the computer.
I have learnt some mathematical stuffs and try to use them to solve some problems.

And I have learnt some other skills such as sports, music and culture, and try to understand how to have a joyful life.

In all these courses, I think there should be some fundamental stuffs. For badminton, the back quad high far ball, running style and power are the basic.

For Basketball, the control of ball and shoot are the basic skills. For music, try to communicate with the author is the basic thing.

For a good researcher, I think the basic skill is the logical analyse of problem by using of mathematical language.
For a good Language user, I think the base skill is to native think of everything in life, just like this article to think about what is the basic skill of a good
researcher and a good Language user.

After figuring out the basic skill of a good researcher and English user, I need to practice the basic again and again.

I need to solve problem by logical analyse, what is the problem, how to solve it.

I need to think in English almost each time. Writing English Diary, and speak with friends in English.


2010年7月15日星期四

ESL 0714 580 Retiring from a Job


Improve your English even fast.

F:  Are you going to sit in the retirement party?

M: Sure, I want a glimpse of  the future. I can't wait to retire. 

F: It will be a long time before  you get the golden handshake. Me, I may be ready for the early retirement.

M: Are you seriously thinking about taking the early retirement package the company is offering?

F: I'm thinking about it. My health isn't getting any better, and I don't want to spend the rest of my days in the office.

M: But, can you afford it?

F: The early retirement package is pretty generous. And I have saved up a nice little nest eggs over the years.

M: Then, what are you waiting for? If I were in your suites, I wouldn't hand and haw about it. I make the decision to retire now, today.

F: Why are you getting all work up. Are you after my job?

M: No way. I just can't stand to see someone who can retire stay at this job. I trace the place with you in the minute.

F: I doubt that. Not the man in the car caring member  of AARP. You are too young to think about the retirement.

M: I didn't say I was ready for retirement.  I am just thinking about it all the time.


2010年7月8日星期四

ESL 0707 588:Hiring business consultants

F: So your suggestion is to hire outside consultants to handle those extra work associated to the expansion. 

M: I think there are a lot of benefits. We get someone with the right expertise quickly. We can use him or her as need it. And we can save an employ tax and benefits. What is not to like?

F: I am just not sure that's the right move right now.

M: To me, it is a no brainier. We call the shots. If we don't like the consultant's work, then we can terminate our relationship at anytime. 

F: Yes, but that also means the consultant won't feel any company loyalty. And could working with us whenever he or she wanna to,  leaving us in the lurch.  

M: That is true. But that is also true for any employee. Company loyalty is thing of the past. I really think we should move ahead. 

F: Well, I think we should take it one step at a time. Start with constructing consultant for smaller projects and see how they do before we have them work on this big one.

M: Ok, I can live with that as long as we don't drag our feet and getting people start on the big project. 

F: Don't worry. If I drag my feet, I know your toll me along. 


2010年7月7日星期三

ESL 0706: 579 Telling people where are you from

Telling people where're you from. How you tell someone where you came from before you got to where you are now?

F:  Hi, I am Coral. 

M: I am Antonio. Nice to meet you.

F:  Same here. Are you from around here?

M: No, I am originally from Arkansas. How about you?  

F: I am a native Californian. But I grew up in the Middle East. My parents were in the military, so we moved quite  a bit. But mainly around the middle east.

M: That is really interesting. I spent some time in Jordon myself a few years ago doing research for my company. But I lived in LA for over 10 years. And I consider it my adopt hometown.

F: Isn't that funny? Even though I was born here. I only moved back two months ago. I am sure you know the city much better than I do.

M: I will be happy to show you around to help you to get a real acquaint about LA. 

F: I was only 8 years old when my family moved away. So I have a lot of catching up to do.

M: Let's start next weekend. I will show you some of place where the locals like to hand out. 

F: That sounds great. Is these how all Angelenos to treat new comer? 

M: Absolutely  I am the city's one man welcome wagon.  

2010年7月2日星期五

ESL 0701: ESL 595 Suffering from allergies

Allergy is a kind of you eat something or you breed something that give you uncomfortable reaction, basically make you sick.


M: Oh, Doctor. You've got to help me.

F: Try to relax. What seems to be the problem?

M: I am sneezing all the time, and my eyes are itchy and watery. 

F: Tilt your head back, so I can take a look at your nasal passage. You're very congest. 

M: My sinuses are killing me. I have headaches all the time. And nothing I do seems to help.

F: What is it on your skin?

M: I don't know. I had red spots all over my body.

F: They look like hives to me. Are you experience any shortness breath?

M: Well, my  chest feels constricted, and it is hard to breath. 

F: I think you may be experiencing a severe  allergy attack. I am going to refer you to an allergist. What were you doing right before you experienced this situation. 

M: I started my first job. 

F: That could be your problem.

M: I knew it. I am allergic to work. 


2010年6月30日星期三

ESL 0630 : 591 Handling a traffic stop

Make a donation by going to our website. Handling and taking care of your traffic stop when police are near your window.

F: I was having a great day until I saw the police car behind me with its loud siren and light's flashing.  I pull out the road and waited for the officer approach to my car.

M: May I see your driver license, proved insurance, and care registration please?

F: Let me get them out of my ground compartment.  Here they are.  What did I do wrong, officer?

M: Didn't you see the stop sign back there?

F: Stop sign? What stop sign? I didn't see any stop sign. 

M: Sit tight. And I will be right back.

F: I guess he was running my driver license and license plate number to make sure there are not outstanding warn for  me and for my car. He came back in a few minutes.

M: You ran a stop sign back there. And I have to give you a citation. 

F: That is really not necessary, officer.  I am really sorry I ran the stop sign. I will be more careful next time.

M: I suppose I could let you off with warning.  Just this once.

F:  Oh. Thank you so much. 

M: Drive more carefully future.

F: I will. I definitely will. 

Phew... That was closed. Good thing to toss incrementing evidence the window before I poll out the road. 

ESL 0629: 593 Stay home from school

   About a child who don't want to school.

F: We're going to be later for school. Hurry up. 

M: I am not going to school today. I am sick.

F: You're not sick. You're playing hooky. You will not put one over mum. Mum will know that your faking. Get up, let's go.

M: No, she won't. And why are you give me such a hard time. It is not like you have never play hooky before.

F: I cut class now and then. But  I have foolproof way of doing that, so I don't get caught.

M: You means you to tell  mum for you get out from class forge Doctor's appointment like that. I know all about that.

F: Who told you?

M: I keep my eyes and ears open. I pick things up.

F: If you know so much, so you should pretend to be sick so much never works. Mum will make you go to school anyway. There are better ways to excuse absence. 

M: How? I have a test in biology today. And I have to get out of it. Help me. 

F: I  suppose I could out of goodness of my heart. 

M: Come on. If you do, I owe you one, a big one.

F: All right. You scratch my back, and I will scratch yours. Here is what to do.   

2010年6月24日星期四

ESL 0624:589: Having skin problem

Mother talked with Doctor about the problem of young boy's skin medical 


F: Doctor, this is my son Daniel. I brought him in, so you can look at his rash. 

M: OK, Daniel. Have a seat on the exam table. How long have you had the rash?

F: My son has that rash for about 2 weeks. It started out as a blister and got really itchy and turn red. Could it be infection?

M: I will need to look at it closely first before I can tell you that. 

F:  I hope it is not any seriously. I hope it is not skin cancer.

M: Let's not get ahead of us. OK, let's take a look.

F:  Why you add it?  Could you look at this bump on Daniel's neck? I think it is a mole. 

M: That looks like a birthmark. But I'll take a look.

F: And, could you look at this wart  if you remove it with leave scar. 

M: I am not sure it is a wart. Let me exam it first, and I will tell you what treatment I recommend.

F: Could you look at Daniel's pimple? He just starts getting them. I had really bad acne  when I was seeing this. 

M: Is there anything else?

F: Well, since you ask.

2010年6月23日星期三

ESL 0623: 592 Dealing with website hackers



F:  You'll never guess what happened over the weekend.

M: What?

F:  Our website was attacked by a hacker and nobody could access it.

M: You are kidding. What do they do? 


F: They got access to our server and embed some  malicious codes and that call the visitors to this site be  redirected to other website.

M: But I thought our sites have really good security. Didn't we hire programmer last year to encrypt the database and to patch the vulnerability 

F: That's what should have done. So now we pain the price. 

M: The site seems to be backup though.

F: We bought the service at Friday and she is working on it for 24*7. Let's hope these specialist puts in the security measures. We should have had all alone  and this will never happen again.

M: Right. At least until some creative  hackers come up with a new way to wreak havoc.

 

2010年6月22日星期二

ESL 0622: 590 Pay airline fees

590  

F: So, that's the plan. We drive to San Francisco, then to Portland, then to Seattle, then to Vancouver.

M: What? Why are we driving to Vancouver instead of fly?

F: Have you known all of the fees on the airline are tacking on these days. There are fuel of surcharges, and now whole slew  at the fees.

M: Like what?

F: Well. There are a check  baggage fee for one.  You have to pay check just one bag, and each additional one bag is another fee. If you have oversize and overweight bags, there is another fees.

M: Ok, I don't like fees either, but I don't think that justify driving all the way to Vancouver.

F: Well, Let me tell you about some of the other fees. Do you want a snack or a meal on the flight? You're going to shell out for those now. Do you want to flight standby? Yes, you will be free, but not any more.
Do you want to make your reservation by phone instead of internet? That is another fee. Do you want a pielo or a Brandy for your lone flight? Ok, but that is another fee. 

M: Ok, don't get work up. I see what you mean. They really know how to nickel and dime you. Once we all all of these fees to the base fare, I guess flight isn't such a good deal.   But do you really want us to drive 3 days to get to Vancouver?

F: What is the problem with driving? 

M: I don't know. Maybe it is the fact I only have a  weak for vacation as soon as we get to Vancouver and we  have to turn back.

2010年6月13日星期日

ESL 0613 Describing brisk and slow business

568 Talking about when the business is good.  Brisk / slow business.

M: Anial, long time no see. Let me buy you a drink and celebrating.

F:  Oh, year. What is the good news?

M:  My company has had a banner months since our launch a new line of software. We have trouble keeping up with the demand. Every products are frying out of shelves.

F:   Wow, that is great news. Everybody I talked to is singing a different tune.  Food traffic is down, and business  is slow, really slow.

M:  That is too bad. I thought Yao's company was doing brisk business. Six months ago, he was selling a line of cell phone that was all the rage. And customers were bidding down his store to get a one.
F:   That was six months ago. It is different now. Those cell phones are now considered passe. And he has inventory he can't unload. You know how fickle the market is.

M: I am sorry to hear that. How about you? How is travel business? 

F: Why do you think sitting here to quite my beer. Pull up the chair and I will tell you my sob story.



2010年6月9日星期三

ESL 0607: 567 Visiting a patient in the hospital.

M: You are just in time. There is only another 20 minutes until the end of visiting hour.
F:  I got here as soon as I could. How is uncle Peter?
M: They moved him from emergency ward to the intensive care unit. He is on life support.
F:  How could this have happen? How could somebody in prime of his life collapse suddenly like that?
M: They have been running test all day. And the doctor is supposed to come by after round to talk to us. Hopefully, we get some answers and she will give us updates on condition of uncle Peter. Come on, I will take you to the I SEE YOU.
F: Ok, but I really dread  seeing him on the respirator, and hook up to monitor.
M: This is at room 323.
F:  Oh, look at him. What are all of these IV drips for? He looks so lifeless in the hospital bed. Is he under sedation?
M: Yeah, I think so. We will know more when doctor gets here. Oh, here she is.
F: Let's hope she have some answers for us.





Diary 0609: It is not the appropriate time to start the trip in stock market

Read some articles about the stock. For a conclusion: it is not the appropriate time to start the stock trip. Why?

First reason, I haven't enough money to start. I think the enough money means that you have at least 20000 saving, and then you can play 5000 for stock.

Second reason, I can spend these time and energy to focus on my first station of career. 

Third reason, I will need stock knowledge and need enlarge my fortune in 5 years.

So the appropriate time to start the stock trip will be around 2013.  

Diary 0609: The difference between WiFi and WiMAX

  1. Wi-Fi runs on the Media Access Control's CSMA/CA protocol, which is connectionless and contention based, whereas WiMAX runs a connection-oriented MAC.
  2. WiMAX and Wi-Fi have quite different quality of service (QoS) mechanisms:
  • WiMAX uses a QoS mechanism based on connections between the base station and the user device. Each connection is based on specific scheduling algorithms.
  • Wi-Fi uses contention access - all subscriber stations that wish to pass data through a wireless access point (AP) are competing for the AP's attention on a random interrupt basis. This can cause subscriber stations distant from the AP to be repeatedly interrupted by closer stations, greatly reducing their throughput.
3. Both 802.11 and 802.16 define Peer-to-Peer (P2P) and ad hoc networks, where an end user communicates to users or servers on another Local Area Network (LAN) using itsaccess point or base station. However, 802.11 supports also direct ad hoc or peer to peer networking between end user devices without an access point while 802.16 end user devices must be in range of the base station.

2010年6月8日星期二

Diary 0607: The difference the Frame, Datagram, Segment, and Packet

The packet is a general name/concept use in packet-based network. The "packet" in different layer has a special name.

The packet in link layer (Ethernet), named as frame.
The packet in IP network layer , named as datagram.
The packet in TCP transport layer, named as segment.

2010年6月7日星期一

ESL 0607: 587 Feeling Disllusioned

587: Feeling disillusioned. some who is sad or disappointed about something

F: I did it. I finally met Matti Tepican.
M: Matti Teppican,  your idol.
F:  Yh. I still in line  for two days a book signing and finally met her. It was a big disappointment.
M: Really, I thought she could do no wrong as far as your concern.
F: That was before I met her. I have always want to be just like her. She has everything going for her. A great life, and a great career. I emulated her in so many ways. I thought she must be a paragon of what you.  Great person to be around. I walked into a bookstore which all of we preconceived notion.
M: What happen to shatter your imagine of her.
F:  When I waiting in line. I saw what kind of  person she really was. She was rough to everybody and reticulate demands of her systems. It wasn't how I picture her at all. She was a real devil.
M: So meeting her really burst your bubble. 
F:  Yeah, It really did. I guest it was my own fault for putting her on my pet store.
M:  Well. You are not the only one. Selebri wouldn't be Seleberry, if we didn't idolize them.
F:  True or not. And I have learnt my lesson. Nobody is perfect least of all Selebri.

ESL 0607: 587 Feeling

587: Feeling disillusion. some who is sad or disappointed about something

F: I did it. I finally met Matti Tepican.
M: Matti Teppican,  your idol.
F:  Yh. I still in line  for two days a book signing and finally met her. It was a big disappointment.
M: Really, I thought she could do no wrong as far as your concern.
F: That was before I met her. I have always want to be just like her. She has everything going for her. A great life, and a great career. I emulated her in so many ways. I thought she must be a paragon of what you.  Great person to be around. I walked into a bookstore which all of we preconceived notion.
M: What happen to shatter your imagine of her.
F:  When I waiting in line. I saw what kind of  person she really was. She was rough to everybody and reticulate demands of her systems. It wasn't how I picture her at all. She was a real devil.
M: So meeting her really burst your bubble. 
F:  Yeah, It really did. I guest it was my own fault for putting her on my pet store.
M:  Well. You are not the only one. Selebri wouldn't be Seleberry, if we didn't idolize them.
F:  True or not. And I have learnt my lesson. Nobody is perfect least of all Selebri.

2010年6月6日星期日

ESL 0606: 565_ Dating a friend's ex.

565: Dating a friend's EX. Sounds interesting 

M: Where are you going?

F: I am going to meet Peter. 

M: When are you going to tell Lily?

F: Tell her what?

M: You know what, that you're dating her ex. She is not going to take it well.

F:  I don't know why she will object. They broke up over a year ago. And they both move on.

M: Peter has moved on. But Lily still has a think for him. You know that as well as I do.

F:  She never said that he was off limits. It is not like there were sneaking around behind her back.

M: Aren't you? She is one of your best friends.And you have clue her in two of you. If you don't tell her soon, when she found out, all hell is going to break lose.

F: That is not fair. If there is object limitation on her ex-boyfriend, then we will pass that. He is a fair game.

M: That is not how Lily  going see it. If you ask me, you have two options. Break off with Peter, or tell Lily now before she finds out from someone else. Tell her the truth, and let the chips fall where they made.

F: That is easy for you to say. You're not facing Lily's wrath. I think I will keep this under wrap from now. Thank you very much.

M: Fine, but it is your funeral. 


ESL 0604 566 Having a wild party

Having a wild party. Polo and Mitch

M:  OK, let's get start the party.

P: I really don't think have such party is a good idea. We suppose to house sitting. And I am sure Warrent wouldn't use house for a big blow out.

M: To be ignorance  is bliss. Warren will Never know. Stop being goody too-sue. Help me set up.

P: What is get something broken or damage? Things always get out of hand when people start pounding a few bag. 

M: What do you think I am doing . I am moving the ball to the other room. Nothing will  happen.

P: How can you say that? At Kyer's party last month, too guys enter in, and his parents' house.

M: That is because they didn't have Berber.

P: What is a Bebe?

M: Bebed is name of an old high school friend. And he tuff of nails. He will be here to bo a hands. Keep everybody in line. Trust me, Nothing bad happen when Bebed pencer. Where are you going?

P: I am getting out while I can. This is a desert waiting to happen.

M: You will not stand for a party? You are leaving?

P: What you will do if you in Titanic?

2010年6月3日星期四

ESL 0603: Travelling for singles

Episode 569: Travelling for singles. Ryan and Semense


R: I have a great idea for your next vacation. You should go on a single cruise.

S:I am not going on single's cruise. Everybody will be on the make.

R:That is the point, isn't it? You can take your pick on a single guy. What could be better.

S:I am not interested in having a fling.

R:You will never meet anybody if you don't get out there to mingle. Look, here is a ten days tour through ASIA. And the tour company will match you with someone before the trip.  You can use the time and the tour to get  better  .

R:That sounds awful. What if I don't like the person match with me. I am stuck with him for ten days, we both be miserable.
 
S: Ok, here're something you like. A Single adventure vacation. You can enjoy the great outdoors while you get to know the single guys on the tour. The worst case scenario is that you don't meet a guy you like. You still have a great vacation. What do you have to lose.

S: My piece of mind. Ok, you are my brother, and you try to look out for me. But leave me alone and stop try to marry me off. I am happy being single. Can you get that through your school course.

R:Sure, You are happy. That is why you are always such a raise in sunshine.


  

What is the sense of math and what is optimization

It is too later to write this note to think more about math and the important issue --optimization-- used in my research. 

In the research, we try to solve some problem comes from real world. For example, we need to design a new network to provide bandwidth to residential. What topology we should deploy constrained with cost of network elements. After implementation, how to adjust the network if the bandwidth is not enough? Most of problem in this world can be solved by optimization methods. 
 
We use mathematical concepts and constructions not simply to add rigor to the proceedings but because they are the language in terms of which calculation procedures are best developed, defined, and understood.

First of all, we need to establish the model of problem. In this model, we should correlate all the independent variables and define the performance criterion which we can evaluate according our expectation. We need to consider the boundaries of this model because it is a real scenario from reality. 

If all have been done, we choose some ways to solve this model, and find the best answer of this problem. There are many ways to solve optimization of engineering according different kind of model.

We can solve this model by describing in computing language, such as cplex. We can solve it without computer also.

2010年6月1日星期二

ESL 0601 : 586 Getting a girlfriend/boyfriend back

This episode is dialogged between G and U. Getting a girl friend or boy friend back meaning after you seperating /broken up /splitter up, you will have no gf/bf.and the you want get back that person

U: What are you doing?

G: I am working on a plan to get Applo back.

U: I think that is a lot cause.  You guys broke up 3 months ago. There is no ways, so  take  you back.

G: Watch me prove you wrong. When I tell Aprol about all the ways I am going to change. I will make her happy. She will let bygone and bygone.

U: You're dreaming. She won't be duped by a bunch of empty promises.

G: There are not empty promises. I am really  going to the chance with a reason.

U: Do you think Apprl will forget all the thing you have done for her in the past.

G: I will not rake up the past. I will show her the new me. And she will know I am sincere. After all, she used to be crazy about me. I am sure it is just the matter of me making the effort.

U: Hopes may become a fall, you know. I think you have better a chance if you got down on your neath and you beg her for mercy.
 

Diary 0601: The Energy Efficiency of Network.(Core Network, Access Network and Data Center)

It is a critical issue about energy efficiency of ICT. It is more easily to save energy by improving the network components and computing devices.

But there are some opportunities to save energy from the viewpoint of network, including core network, access network and the data center.

In the core network, typically, we can save energy by turning off some line card, traffic grooming, and other new scheme to design the network.

In the Data center, by analyzing the energy consumption in different part of holistic data center, we can improve energy efficiency by enhance the 
cooling system, by change the site of data center near to the power plant and shut down some unused packs.

In the access network, it should be more opportunities to save energy, because the utilization in this area is lowest as 15%. We can improve the 
energy efficiency by reshaping the traffic inter-ONUs, we can redesign the protocol to save energy.

In one world, from the perspective of network, we can scheduling the traffic, redesign the network to shut down some resource.
 

Diary 0601: The Plan to increment weight from 143lbs to 155 lbs

Goal:  143lbs -->  155 lbs

From  1st June -->  31th Aug
=========================

周二、周四,周六: 俯卧撑 3 * 30。 

有时间去健身房,没时间就在家补练。

胸+大腿+上肢



2010年5月31日星期一

Diary 0531: 修身,养性,齐家,治国,平天下

When I reading, when I am a living in this world. I think all about how to become a better one, become a responsibility husband, how to do a little thing to help my country and how to do some good research to improve the life of someone in this world.

I am a man, and a   common one. Although I can handle all my thoughts and keep peace and push of my life, the wealthy, healthy of family has never been realized, further, the positive influence to my country have never been shown also. In my heart, I always told me that: I should do more to push myself, to love my family and to help my country. But nothing have been done until now. How sad am I.

But it will never become true, if I want to realize all dream in the short time. I should do one by one, just like what the ancients said: as a man, you should take care of you and your family firstly, and then you should think more about the enterprise and country, and  the world.  For me, I should take care of my knowledge and ability to become a good entrepreneur, to earn money and obtain knowledge to take care of my family. This should be realized in this 5 years. After that I should take care of the market and all the partners in a big company and I will become mature, I should take care of this company just like a little country.  You can think about the affairs of whole nation and the world, but you shouldn't do anything before you obtain the ability to  change something.

So we should take responsibility of our ideas, talk and behavior. 

2010年5月29日星期六

ESL 0529: 584 Calling in sick to work

584: Peter and Lane. About someone decide their too sick to go to work.

P: I was fed up with a work, and want the day off. I decide to call in sick. I wasn't prepare those to be peppered with questions. Hello, this is Peter. Is it Melder?

M: Yes this is Melder.

P: Hi, Melder. I want be come in today. I am not feeling well. I think I will come down with something.

M: ...nnn....What seems to be the problem? 

P: The problem? Oh, I have been throwing up all night and I feel terrible. 

M: Didn't you have something like this two weeks ago, when you call in sick

P: Two weeks ago? No, I had food poisoning for two weeks. 

M: What about a month ago, when you call in sick? 

P: That was a twenty-four hours bug.

M: Didn't you just take  a day off from work because of a death in the family.

P: Yes, I had to go to the funeral.

M: I see. That's one day off from work a week four weeks in the row.

P: I will be in within a hour.

M: I am glad you have a miraculous recovery?

2010年5月28日星期五

ESL 0528: Going to a SPA

This episode is called Going to a SPA,  dialogged between Tim and Jane, using the vocabulary in a SPA. Let's get start it.

Jane: This is the life. Spending a day in a SPA, is my idea of paradise.

T:  Yeah, It is great.

Jane: Aren't you enjoy yourself?

T:  The massage is OK, but why do i need to a facial and body wrap. I am a guy.

J: Men need to rejuvenating too. These are holistic treatment. And you will feel like a new man when you done. Just enjoy the pemplerring.

T: I feel like a idiot. How am I suppose to relax?

J: Why don't you get enjoy the body scrub, a schlep massage stead. Maybe that will calm your nervous.

T: I don't need a body scrapped or another massage. I just want to get out of here. When we will be done?

J: After this, all we have left are manicure and pedicure.

T: What? I don't want to get in  manicure and pedicure.

J: You promise with me to the SPA, if I agree your invitation 4 college friends to  stay in our house for two weeks, remember?

T: Yes, I remember. All rights, Let's go over with.

J: Just be glad. I didn't let sigh  you  up for  waxing.  

Diary 0528: The meaning of Pros&Cons

Pros and cons refers to the positive and negative outcomes that may be derived from executing a certain act, shortened from the Latin phrase, pro et contra, which means for and against.

Advantage and Disadvantage.


2010年5月27日星期四

ESL 0527: Working in a lab

564: Working in a Laboratory.

This is English as a Second Language Podcast episode 564. I am your host Dr. Jeff McQuillan. Coming to you from the center of development of  in beautiful Los Angels California. Our website is www.eslpod.com. Go there to download a learning guide for this episode which will help you improve your English even faster.You can also take a look at other ESL course on the website. The episode is called working in laboratory. It is dialogged between Tiny and Galer.    ****  Let's get start it.

G:  I was working in the lab as usual when my colleague brought 3 years son in the world

T:   Hi Gal. This is my son Flip. There is a problem with his daycare today. So he will spending day time here with me. I will teach him all about doing research.

G:  I am not sure this is a good place for a toddler. Should he be playing with Microscript like that?

T:   Oh. He will be fine. I will just keep the beaker and test tupper  out of his reach. And he will be all right.

G:  Whoa. he almost tip over a trail out of . I am using those for experiment what I am running. And there are pretty some dangerous chemical materials there.

T:  Good thing you saw t him before he could do any real damage. I think he just want to help, right? You just want to collect some data for Gal, right?

G: Don't look now. Just empty a solution of out of parts your lab code.

T:  Oh. You silly guilts. You just want to make a work more fun and interesting for us, aren't you?




 Thanks you for listening. Welcome back.

Copyright to 2009. From Center for develop.

Dairy 0527: The Road Map from Idea to Product

We have so many good ideas, but a little will be pushed to be popular product.

It is normal in the research area. It is so bad for all innovators.

From idea, to product, we need some steps, the typical road map should be:

Idea  -->  Mind Map  --> Prototype   -->  Product 

As a research, we should finish the steps from idea to prototype.

And then, you will lead a team to develop the product which can be replicated and provided to customers.


Note 0527: The Regional Distribution of China Industry

从区域角度来看,整个中国当前可分为有着不同社会发展程度和行业重心的六个地区。

东南地区:东南地区是中国最先开放的地区。这一高度开放的地区以其电脑行业闻名于世,并且在零部件生产方面属世界第一。当地政府如今的关注重点是行业基础设施的发展。

长江三角洲地区:由上海引领的长江三角洲是中国的商业和金融中心。信息技术和生物技术是该地区的发展重点。当地政府目前致力于城市化建设和港口开发。

 渤海湾地区:北京是渤海湾地区的政治和文化中心。天津于2006年推出宏伟的发展计划后,也吸引了众多眼球。该地区的强项在于IT研发,以及山东省高度发达的食品行业。受2008年奥运会的推动,城市发展令北京进一步实现国际化。

东北地区:东北地区是中国传统的首要重工业基地。目前,这一地区的高科技公司也在经历快速发展。此外,通过为韩国和日本公司供货,该地区离岸业务增长迅猛。

华中地区:华中地区的地理位置决定了该地区是中国的运输中心,尤其是铁路运输的心脏。当地政府现正大力投资高速公路和水利事业。

 西部地区:西部地区明显落后于东部沿海地区,但充足的自然资源有利于发展现代化重工业/化工行业。2006年到2010年,预计对该地区的投资将超过200亿美元,有助于实现东西部地区的平衡发展。

中西部地区拥有充足的自然资源、成本相对低廉的劳动力和强有力的政府支持,因而有着大量新的机会。政府鼓励劳动/材料密集型公司从东部沿海向中西部地区迁址,以提升自然资源的开采能力,并通过撤销管制和财政支持,鼓励外国直接投资。

同时,从行业角度来看,中国的行业发展也在不断变化。重工业正在经历深度整合,而服务行业(如:物流)的需求很大程度上未得到满足 。国有企业纷纷开展大规模投资以求发展,而公众对高科技产品和服务的需求快速增长。政府因势利导,增加了对出口和外国直接投资流入的限制,也放宽了对医疗保健相关研究的限制。

受这些因素的推动,我们认为消费品、物流/配送、机械、建筑/环保、医疗和金融行业是最具吸引力的领域。化工、汽车、造船、IT和钢铁/金属行业也存在适度机会。



战略和运营改进不可或缺。中国市场庞大复杂,每一项投资机会都有着独特的风险。经验告诉我们,投资者必须理解并把握哪些在中国市场成功的关键因素。

投资者需要真正理解“关系”。如今许多投资者都知道了“关系”在中国市场的重要性,但却总是苦苦挣扎于道德、甚至法律问题。现实的确如此。所以必须制定“可行的关系建立”的明确原则,并为相应的后果做好准备。 同时,由于需应对越来越多的投资者,并且事实上中国市场尚未完全实现自由化, 所以“关系”的复杂性不断加剧。 需要说明,在中国做生意不能仅仅依靠“关系”。在中国,关系可加速工作,但却不是万能的。

投资者也需要警惕政府不时更改的政策。在中国这样快速转型的经济体中,经济政策时有变化,包括中央政策和地方政策。成熟市场的投资者对此感到困惑不已。 为此我们建议投资者的战略是,为政治实体提供清晰的价值定位。从这个意义上来说,外国公司的投资价值将吸引政府更多地为投资者考虑,给予更多的转型时间和空间。

投资者需要明确地区选择和投资重点。 与许多外国投资者的认识不同,中国不是单一的市场。我们在前文提到了六个有着不同特点的地区,彼此之间的差异远大于许多外国投资者的预期。

还有,需要正确面对人员流动问题。人员流动成了许多外国投资者最头痛的问题。中国员工的这一特征是由多种原因造成的。面对这样的现实,外国投资者需实施人力储备制度,包括建立基于绩效考核的薪酬体系,提供培训课程和制定快速升职计划。

投资者需要合理决定“单身还是结合”,因为合作伙伴关系是如今许多外国公司面临的另一个头痛的问题。经验表明,合资公司的缺点常常超过其益处。因此我们建议避免采用合资公司这一进入方式,除非必须这么做,或是对合资益处有十足把握。同时,投资者必须充分了解相关法规,以便保障自身利益。最后,应制定明智的战略,确定选择弱势/被动合作伙伴,还是主动/增值合作伙伴。

最后,投资者需要正确应对“中国价格”。许多外国投资者将中国价格视为低廉劳动力成本的结果,但事实并不尽然。外国投资者应对“管理成本”和“合作成本”给予足够的重视。需要提醒的是,随着改革开放的深化,减少对外国公司税收优惠势在必行。

各种困难在海外和国内的两个投资集团都存在。国外投资者在中国市场遭遇挫败之时,令中国投资者头痛的问题有过之而无不及。


中国公司必须为全球化过程中的重大障碍做好准备

我们尚未看到大量的中国品牌成为全球知名品牌,这与20世纪70年代日本经济快速发展时日本品牌的崛起不同。是不是这些品牌无意向全球市场扩张?

中国公司在全球市场上的地位不断增强。事实上,很多中国公司已成为了“行业巨头”。财富500强中,有16家中国公司。2004年,中国电脑公司联想收购IBM个人电脑业务,令西方投资者颇感震撼。 
但是不同的公司,有着不同的全球化动机。

垄断型公司:他们主要为国有公司,如中国电信、中石化和中海油。这些公司满足于当前在国内市场上的垄断地位,缺乏走向全球市场的动力。他们的海外扩张举措大多是为了获得更多资源,满足巨大的国内需求,并且这类举措大都受政府指引。

国内市场上的全球化公司:他们在国内市场遭遇强劲的外国竞争对手。他们因此把眼光放到全球市场,渴望从多家成熟公司获得技术。其中的代表包括正泰、中软、振华港机等。

当然还有全球市场上的全球化公司。这些公司是真正的中国企业的先锋,有着宏伟的抱负,代表公司有联想、海尔和华为。面对成熟的国内市场和行业壁垒,他们致力于渗透全球市场。

然而在进行全球化扩张时,无论是国有垄断公司还是强大的私营公司,都面临重重困难。

--
Adam ( Xiuzhong ) Chen
Email: xzchen@ucdavis.edu